By Rae Wee

SINGAPORE (Reuters) - The Australian dollar surged on Thursday after the country's employment data far outpaced market expectations, while the yuan marched higher after China's monetary authorities ramped up efforts to defend its weakening currency.

Australia employment handily beat expectations for a second straight month in June, figures on Thursday showed, as net employment rose by 32,600 from May, exceeding market forecasts for an increase of 15,000.

Its jobless rate also held near 50-year lows, in a show of labour market resilience that could risk further rate rises by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA).

That boosted the Aussie and sent it spiking nearly 1% to an intra-day high of $0.6840 in Asia trade, taking the New Zealand dollar along with it.

The kiwi was last 0.63% higher at $0.6303, with both Antipodean currencies on track to reverse four straight sessions of losses.

"The Australian dollar has spiked higher across the board after the economy delivered another rate-hike defying report," said Matt Simpson, senior market analyst at City Index.

"Ultimately, it's another strong set of employment figures which keeps the pressure on a data-dependant (Reserve Bank of Australia) to potentially hike rates in August."

In Asia, China left its lending benchmarks unchanged on Thursday, as expected, though its central bank said in a statement it raised a parameter on cross-border corporate financing under its macro-prudential assessments to 1.5 from 1.25. The ratio dictates the maximum any company can borrow as a proportion of its net assets.

The move was meant to make it easier for domestic firms to raise funds from overseas markets, which comes at a time when the Chinese yuan is facing downward pressure as the country's economic recovery falters.

Allowing more capital inflows could alleviate the pressure on the currency.

The hike indicated the People's Bank of China's policy guidance to "defend the (yuan) and curb the excessive forex volatility alongside the strong CNY fixing bias", said Ken Cheung, chief Asian FX strategist at Mizuho Bank.

Sources also told Reuters on Thursday that China's major state-owned banks were seen selling dollars to buy yuan in the offshore spot market in early Asian trades.

The yuan jumped in the onshore and offshore markets following the developments, with both strengthening more than 0.5% against the U.S. dollar.

The offshore yuan was last nearly 0.7% higher at 7.1840 per dollar, while the onshore yuan last traded 7.1770 per dollar, having earlier hit a session-high of 7.1620.

"(It was) a one-two punch driving (the yuan) firmer and supporting sentiment," said Christopher Wong, a currency strategist at OCBC.

But the move could be short term and the yuan could weaken again if disappointment over the absence of economic stimulus from China grows, he added.

RATES OUTLOOK

In the broader currency market, the U.S. dollar was on the back foot, though strayed away from its recent 15-month low.

Sterling was nursing deep losses after a sharp fall in the previous session following Britain's inflation data, which undershot market expectations.

The pound was little changed at $1.29385, after having slid more than 0.7% on Wednesday.

That inflation reading pulled back market expectations of further aggressive rate hikes from the Bank of England (BoE), with the prospect of Britain's rates rising above 6% now likely off the table.

Traders had at one point expected interest rates to rise as high as 6.5%.

"The market I think is a bit more reasonable now with its expectations for rate hikes by the BoE," said Joseph Capurso, head of international and sustainable economics at Commonwealth Bank of Australia (OTC:CMWAY).

The euro rose 0.18% to $1.1220, as investors looked to next week's European Central Bank (ECB) policy meeting for further clarity on its rate outlook.

ECB policymakers have in recent days taken a more dovish tone, with governing council member Yannis Stournaras the latest to guide that future rate rises past July's likely 25 basis points increase remains up in the air.

The U.S. dollar index slipped 0.15% to 100.10, but had regained some lost ground after last week's more than 2% slump.

The Japanese yen rose nearly 0.3% to 139.33 per dollar.

(Reuters) - BofA Global Research on Thursday cut China's economic growth forecast for this year to 5.1% on a disappointing second-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) growth and potential delay in forceful policy response.

The brokerage previously expected the country's economy to grow at 5.7%.

It also lowered China's growth forecast for 2024 to 4.8% from the earlier 5%.

"The downward revision reflects our more cautious view on both investment and consumption growth, esp. in 3Q," the Wall Street bank said in a note.

"But as more signs of growth pressure emerge, policy makers will likely ramp up easing efforts by late 3Q, leading to a modest pick-up of growth momentum in 4Q."

By David Shepardson

WASHINGTON (Reuters) -U.S. government agencies are targeting buying 9,500 electric vehicles in the 2023 budget year, but face supply issues and higher costs, a federal report said on Wednesday.

That's almost three times the number acquired in the prior budget year.

The Government Accountability Office said 26 agencies with approved EV acquisition plans estimated they would need over $470 million for vehicle purchases and almost $300 million in estimated costs to design and install the necessary infrastructure and for other expenses. The vehicles purchase would cost almost $200 million more than the lowest-priced comparable gasoline-powered vehicles. The agencies represent more than 99% of the federal vehicle fleet excluding the U.S. Postal Service (USPS), which is an independent federal entity.

The White House did not immediately comment.

Agencies face hurdles to buy as many EVs as they would like or are unsure if EVs will meet all needs. The Transportation Department told GAO it initially wanted to order 430 ZEVs for 2022 but their order was scaled back to 292 due, in part, to order cancellations from manufacturers.

Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officials told GAO they do not believe that EVs "can support law enforcement equipment or perform law enforcement missions in extreme environments, such as those on the borders," the report said.

President Joe Biden in December 2021 issued an executive order directing the government to end purchases of gas-powered vehicles by 2035. Biden's order also directs that 100% of light-duty federal acquisitions by 2027 be electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV).

Biden's order covers 380,000 federal vehicles and covered agencies purchases about 45,000 annually. It does not apply to USPS.

Federal agencies quintupled purchases of EVs and PHEVs in the 12-months ending Sept. 30, 2022 moving from 1% of vehicle acquisitions in 2021 to 12% of light-duty purchases in 2022, or 3,567 total.

In May, USPS said it expected to receive next-generation delivery vehicles in June 2024, nine months behind schedule.

By Patricia Zengerle

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Republican and Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives introduced legislation on Wednesday that would authorize President Joe Biden's administration to negotiate a tax agreement with Taiwan, seeking to foster investment as Washington works to shore up the island against a rising China.

The lawmakers, including House Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Michael McCaul and top Democrat Gregory Meeks, said the agreement, similar to a treaty, would facilitate investment, protect against tax evasion and allow businesses in both the United States and Taiwan to avoid double taxation.

"In addition to the advantages we will receive from more investment from Taiwan, this is another important step in safeguarding Taiwan and maintaining peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific," McCaul said in a statement.

The bill is a companion to a measure introduced in the Senate in May by lawmakers including the chairman and ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Washington and Taipei do not have formal diplomatic relations, so the lack of a tax agreement means Taiwanese businesses and individuals are taxed on their income by both the U.S. and Taiwanese governments.

China views democratically governed Taiwan as its own territory and has increased military, political and economic pressure to assert those claims.

Taiwan is a major global supplier of the semiconductor chips essential to a wide range of consumer goods and military equipment.

(Reuters) - Power demand in Texas hit a record high for a second straight day on Tuesday as homes and businesses cranked up air conditioners to escape a brutal heat wave.

The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), which operates the grid for more than 26 million customers representing about 90% of the state's power load, has said it has enough resources available to meet soaring demand.

Texas residents have worried about extreme weather since a deadly winter storm in February 2021 left millions without power, water and heat for days as ERCOT struggled to prevent a grid collapse after the closure of an unusually large amount of generation.

After setting 11 demand records last summer, ERCOT said usage hit a preliminary 82,592 megawatts (MW) at 1800 Central Time (2300 GMT), which would top the grid's previous all-time high of 81,911 MW set on July 17.

That is the fifth record high in ERCOT this summer.

One megawatt can power around 1,000 U.S. homes on a typical day, but only about 200 homes on a hot summer day in Texas.

Meteorologists at AccuWeather forecast high temperatures in Houston, the biggest city in Texas, would hit at least 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 Celsius) every day from July 17-21. That compares with a normal high of 94 F for this time of year.

    Next-day or spot power prices at the ERCOT North Hub, which includes Dallas, fell to $45 per megawatt hour (MWh) on Tuesday from a nearly seven-month high of $475 on Friday. That compares with an average of $38 so far this year, $78 in 2022 and a five-year average of $66.

Rising economic and population growth has boosted electricity use in Sun Belt states like Texas and Arizona even though overall U.S. power demand is projected to ease in 2023 after hitting a record high in 2022.

(This story has been refiled to correct the GMT time in paragraph 4)

By Melanie Burton and Navya Mittal

MELBOURNE (Reuters) - Rio Tinto (NYSE:RIO) flagged concerns about a global economic slowdown on Wednesday as it logged a raft of production issues across its operations but said its iron ore production should be at the upper end of its expectations for the year.

Prices of iron ore, from which Rio Tinto derives around 70% of its profits, eased over the second quarter on concerns over China's debt-ridden property sector, but could improve after Beijing on Tuesday pledged to roll out policies to boost growth.

"China's economic recovery has fallen short of initial market expectations, as the property market downturn continues to weigh on the economy and consumers remain cautious despite monetary policy easing," Rio Tinto said in its quarterly report.

"Manufacturing data in advanced economies showed a further slowdown and recessionary risks remain."

The Anglo Australian miner recorded a small miss on its second-quarter iron ore shipments on Wednesday, hurt by a train derailment during the quarter, but said it was on track for full-year shipments in the upper half of its forecast range of 320 million to 335 million metric tons.

"It's good to see solid iron ore production expectations for the full year, but on the margin it's probably slightly disappointing given other production downgrades," said Glyn Lawcock of Barrenjoey in Sydney, adding that Rio's $900 million increase in working capital could impact shareholder returns.

The world's biggest iron ore producer shipped 79.1 million metric tons of the steel-making ingredient from its Pilbara operations in the three months ended June 30, down slightly from a year earlier and short of an estimate of 81 million metric tons compiled by Visible Alpha.

Rio downgraded its expectations for refined copper production, alumina production, and output at its Canadian iron ore operations and warned of rising costs.

"Production downgrades during the quarter highlight that we still have much more to do," Rio Tinto Chief Executive Jakob Stausholm said in the report.

Rio cut its refined copper guidance by about 10% to 160,000 to 190,000 metric tons and raised its cost guidance due to a smelter rebuild at its Kennecott operations in Utah that has also been delayed by a month.

Wildfires in Northern Quebec impacted Canadian iron ore production, it said.

Meanwhile, Rio is reviewing the $140 million estimate and development timeline for its Rincon lithium project in Argentina due to rising costs. Rio will report its first-half profit on July 26.

(Reporting Melanie Burton in Melbourne, and Navya Mittal and Rishav Chatterjee in Bengaluru; Editing by Shounak Dasgupta and Sonali Paul)

SEOUL (Reuters) - South Korea has decided to raise the minimum wage by a three-year low of 2.5% in 2024, its Minimum Wage Commission said on Wednesday, amid slowing growth and high inflation.

The minimum hourly wage will be raised to 9,860 won ($7.80) next year, up from 9,620 won this year, the commission said. The figure was reached after 110 days of discussion, the most number of days it has ever taken reach an agreement.

It will be the smallest increase since 2021, when the wage was raised by a record low of 1.5% amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

($1 = 1,263.9500 won)

By Rae Wee

SINGAPORE (Reuters) - The dollar held just above an over one-year low on Wednesday as traders assessed the U.S. rate outlook, while the New Zealand dollar spiked briefly after a higher-than-expected inflation reading pushed back prospects of policy easing further out.

The U.S. dollar managed to nudge up after a mixed retail sales report overnight, with sales growth missing forecasts in June but consumers boosted or maintained spending elsewhere, pointing to consumer resilience that is likely to keep the economy on a solid growth path.

Against a basket of currencies, the U.S. dollar rebounded from a 15-month low hit in the previous session, with its index steadying at 99.943 in early Asia trade.

"The (data) showed retail sales being resilient, and I think that's because the U.S. wage growth is still strong," said Tina Teng, market analyst at CMC Markets.

The greenback has paused its steep decline from last week in the wake of a cooler-than-expected U.S. inflation reading that led to traders pricing in an imminent peak in U.S. rates.

Economists polled by Reuters expect the Federal Reserve to deliver a 25-basis-point rate hike at its upcoming policy meeting this month, with a majority betting that to bring an end to the central bank's current monetary tightening cycle.

Across the Atlantic, European Central Bank (ECB) policymakers are also adopting a more dovish tone on the rate outlook, with governing council member Klaas Knot saying in an interview on Tuesday that the ECB will look closely for signs of inflation cooling down in the coming months to avoid overly tightening policy.

The euro was last steady at $1.1230, away from the previous session's 17-month peak of $1.1276.

Sterling bought $1.3035, ahead of UK inflation data due later on Wednesday.

"The stickiness of UK inflation measures has contrasted notably with price measures in both the euro zone and the U.S. which have been moving lower," said Rabobank's head of FX strategy Jane Foley.

"If the UK economy remains resilient, we expect that (the pound) is likely to react well to hawkish expectations regarding (Bank of England) policy.

"However, if recession risks rise in the UK, the pound may revert to pushing lower on rate rises as investors take fright on the overall UK economic backdrop and cut back their long (pound) positions."

Over in New Zealand, consumer inflation came in slightly above expectations in the second quarter, data out on Wednesday showed, causing a brief spike in the kiwi as traders pushed out expectations for when the Reserve Bank of New Zealand might start cutting its cash rate.

It was last 0.25% higher at $0.6291, after jumping more than 0.6% to a session high of $0.6315 following the release.

"While inflation is 'lower', it is not 'low' by any stretch of the imagination. Importantly, measures of core inflation are continuing to run at rates of around 6%, and some have actually picked up in the June quarter," said Satish Ranchhod, senior economist at Westpac in New Zealand.

"That points to lingering strength in underlying price pressures."

The Australian dollar was last 0.08% lower at $0.68065.

Elsewhere, the Japanese yen fell marginally to 138.88 per dollar.

Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda said on Tuesday there was still some distance to sustainably and stably achieving the central bank's 2% inflation target, signalling his resolve to maintain ultra-loose monetary policy for the time being.

By Safiyah Riddle

(Reuters) - Applications to start new U.S. businesses surged to the highest level in two years in June, despite high interest rates and uncertain economic outlook, according to a Commerce Department report released on Monday.

Business applications increased 6.2% in June compared with May with a seasonally adjusted 465,906 new applications.

Filings from applicants that have a high likelihood of creating a payroll and adding jobs to the economy, such as those from existing corporate entities or those indicating they are already hiring, rose 6.0% to 149,536 new applications. The data is collected from business applications for tax identification numbers.

Start-up activity flourished during the coronavirus pandemic with the help of historic stimulus money from the federal government and ultra-low interest rates, hitting a record high in July 2020 and remaining well above pre-pandemic levels since then. They slowed somewhat last year as the Federal Reserve kicked off aggressive interest rate hikes to lower inflation, but have been climbing again this year.

June's resurgence emphasizes growing optimism among small businesses inspired by the Fed's recent pause in rate hikes, as well as the growing expectation that the central bank's aggressive rate hiking strategy is nearing an end.

The report's forward-looking business formation projections also improved after two months of declines. The Census Bureau estimated that 32,148 new business startups with payroll tax liabilities will actually form within four quarters of application, a 4% increase compared to estimates from May.

By Ali Kucukgocmen

ISTANBUL (Reuters) - Turkey's central bank is expected to raise its policy rate by 500 basis points to 20% this week, a Reuters poll showed on Monday, making good on its pledge of further tightening with another sharp hike to curb inflation which is set to rise again.

The central bank raised its policy rate by 650 basis points in June to 15%, while promising to continue tightening until a significant improvement in the inflation outlook is achieved.

The rate hike and the hawkish tone were the strongest signals of a reversal after years of loose policy under President Tayyip Erdogan, who was prioritising growth and investments.

The tightening still remained below expectations, with economists saying that Erdogan's influence over the central bank limits how far they can go in tightening policy. Real rates are also still deeply negative.

Economists see a further hike this week to 20%, according to the median estimate of 23 economists in a Reuters poll, with forecasts ranging between 17% and 21.50%.

"Anything less than a move to hike the policy rate to 20% will be seen as disappointing and a signal that Erdogan is constraining what (Finance Minister Mehmet) Simsek and (Central Bank Governor Hafize Gaye) Erkan can do," said Tim Ash of BlueBay Asset Management.

Turkey's annual inflation surged to a 24-year high of 85.51% last October, mainly due to the constant depreciation of Turkey's lira due to Erdogan's policy of low rates.

Inflation eased to 38.21% by June but is expected to rise again. The year-end forecast stood at 51.50% in the latest Reuters poll, but economists now say it will likely be around 60% after Ankara hiked several tax rates to support its deteriorating budget and as the lira continues to decline.

The central bank was expected to keep hiking rates in coming months, with the median estimate of 13 economists in the Reuters poll for the policy rate at year-end standing at 25%.

The forecasts ranged between 24% and 35%.

The central bank's one-week repo rate had been slashed to 8.5% from 19% since 2021 under Erdogan's economic programme. The bank had also used foreign exchange reserves to prop up the lira, which nonetheless plunged to a series of record lows.

As a result of the recent policy reversals, the central bank's net international reserves rose to $13.17 billion in the week to July 7, continuing to rebound from a record low of $-5.7 billion it touched in June.

The central bank will announce its rate decision at 1100 GMT on Thursday.